novel pressure measurement systems
Man walking on a treadmill wearing pedar sensors, with a software monitor behind him in a gait lab novel studio screenshot showing in-shoe pressure maps and force and pressure graphs
1

The Problem

You can't see
inside the shoe.

Watching someone walk does not reveal where the shoe loads the foot. Pressure peaks and uneven loading can stay hidden, even when footwear feels comfortable.

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In-shoe pressure measurement with pedar

Measure. Understand. Make a difference.
2

Scientific Explanation

The shoe changes the pressure.

Force tells you how much load is applied. Pressure shows how that load is shared across the foot. A similar total load can produce very different local pressure peaks.

pedar's flexible capacitive insoles measure at the foot-shoe interface, so you can assess the effect of cushioning, inserts and movement while the footwear is being worn.

Cutaway shoe showing the pedar sensor insole and plidar electronics
Pressure measured where foot and shoe meet.

In-shoe pressure helps you assess:

  • Local high-pressure regions
  • Left-right loading differences
  • Changes through foot contact
  • The effect of orthotic adjustments
  • Pressure relief inside footwear
  • Loading over repeated steps
3

Measurement Method

How pedar measures in-shoe pressure.

Fit correctly sized sensor insoles inside the footwear and connect them to the lightweight plidar electronics. Individually calibrated sensors record pressure during walking, running or other activities.

View the measurement live over WiFi or save it onboard. Compare selected steps, foot regions and footwear conditions in the analysis software.

pedar insole positioned inside a shoe
Fit the sensor insoles
pedar software displaying pressure maps and pressure, force and contact-area curves
Record pressure maps

Quantitative results

  • Peak and mean pressure
  • Regional loading
  • Force over time
  • Contact area
  • Gait lines
  • Step timing

Watch pedar in motion

Pressure distribution inside footwear →
pedar pressure measurement →
4

Comparison

Choose the right measurement.

Use pedar to understand the pressure pattern inside footwear. emed adds the barefoot view; loadsol measures in-shoe normal force when a full pressure map is not needed.

emed®

Barefoot pressure platform

emed barefoot pressure platform
  • Local pressure distribution
  • Barefoot foot function
  • Standing and dynamic steps

pedar®

In-shoe pressure measurement

pedar in-shoe pressure system
  • Detailed pressure inside shoes
  • Repeated steps and free movement
  • Footwear and orthotic evaluation

loadsol®

In-shoe force measurement

loadsol force-sensing insoles
  • Normal force inside footwear
  • Mobile loading and timing
  • No full pressure-distribution map
5

Evidence

Studied in research. Applied in practice.

Published work explores pedar's measurement performance and its use in footwear, gait and rehabilitation research. These selected papers include studies of earlier pedar generations.

Selected pedar journal publications

146 journal articles from 2000 to 2026.

2024–202617 journal articles
  1. Comparing plantar shear strain in patients with a previous diabetes-related foot ulcer and those at low risk for ulceration using the STrain Analysis and Mapping of the Plantar Surface (STAMPS) system Jones AD et al. 2026 · Diabetic Medicine Journal issue 2026; first published online 9 November 2025. Counted once.
  2. Design of novel orthotic insoles based on partition infilling of TPMS structures Lyu Y et al. 2026 · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology Published 1 May 2026.
  3. Design, mechanical evaluation, and wear trial of 3D printed insole for plantar off-loading in older adults with diabetes Ning K; Kwan MY; Yick KL 2026 · Gait & Posture
  4. Advanced Process Chain for Manufacturing Individual 3D-Printed Insoles for Patients with Diabetic Foot Syndrome Osterloh J et al. 2026 · Applied Sciences April 2026; volume 16, issue 8, article 3792.
  5. Effect of exertion on the biomechanics of walking with load carriage and running in young, healthy women Rubio JE et al. 2026 · Scientific Reports Published 5 June 2026.
  6. Measuring In-Shoe Plantar Strain Outcomes in the Presence of Callus: A Preliminary Study Using the STAMPS3D Measurement System Sairally F et al. 2026 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research First published 13 June 2026.
  7. Kalman-Based Joint Analysis of IMU and Plantar-Pressure Data During Speed-Skating Slideboard Training Wang H et al. 2026 · Sensors Published 1 January 2026.
  8. High-dimensional probability modeling and simulation for restricted crowd walking loads by conditional generative adversarial networks Xiong J et al. 2026 · Results in Engineering Available online July 2026; later issue date may differ.
  9. Biomechanical exploration of cushioning and stability in auxetic lattice midsoles during jump landing Zhang J et al. 2026 · Scientific Reports Published 27 August 2026.
  10. Comparative Analysis of Pressure Platform and Insole Devices for Plantar Pressure Assessment Amaro CM et al. 2025 · Applied Sciences
  11. Effects of the difference foot strike pattern on the plantar pressure during uphill and downhill running Horiguchi Y et al. 2025 · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
  12. Computationally tuned dual-layer lattice pads adapted to gait-induced pressure distribution Lu Z et al. 2025 · npj Advanced Manufacturing
  13. Measuring plantar load with STAMPS3D: a preliminary study on the impact of contoured orthoses Sairally F et al. 2025 · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology Published 20 November 2025.
  14. Unlocking the multidimensionality of plantar pressure measurements for the evaluation of footwear in people with diabetes Vossen LE; Bus SA; van Netten JJ 2025 · Journal of Biomechanics
  15. Short-Term Efficacy of a Multi-Modal Intervention Program to Improve Custom-Made Footwear Use in People at High Risk of Diabetes-Related Foot Ulceration van Netten JJ et al. 2025 · Journal of Clinical Medicine
  16. Center of Pressure Measurement Accuracy via Insoles with a Reduced Pressure Sensor Number during Gaits Fuchs PX; Chen WH; Shiang TY 2024 · Sensors
  17. Efficacy of auxetic lattice structured shoe sole in advancing footwear comfort—From the perspective of plantar pressure and contact area Zhang J et al. 2024 · Frontiers in Public Health Published 19 June 2024.
2019–202319 journal articles
  1. Evaluation of Different Pressure-Based Foot Contact Event Detection Algorithms across Different Slopes and Speeds Blades S et al. 2023 · Sensors
  2. 3D-Printed Insoles for People with Type 2 Diabetes: An Italian, Ambulatory Case Report on the Innovative Care Model Mancuso M; Bulzomì R; Mannisi M; Martelli F; Giacomozzi C 2023 · Diabetology Published 17 August 2023; 4(3):339–355. Full-text copy: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373232153_3D-Printed_Insoles_for_People_with_Type_2_Diabetes_An_Italian_Ambulatory_Case_Report_on_the_Innovative_Care_Model
  3. Effects of Midsole Hardness on the Mechanical Response Characteristics of the Plantar Fascia during Running Zhu X et al. 2023 · Bioengineering
  4. Change of In-Shoe Plantar Pressure According to Types of Shoes (Flat Shoes, Running Shoes, and High Heels) Cho YJ et al. 2022 · Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
  5. Reliability of the Pedar in-shoe system for plantar pressure measurement in diabetic patients with and without neuropathy: a prospective study Forogh B et al. 2022 · Current Orthopaedic Practice Online 2021; journal issue 2022.
  6. Reducing foot plantar pressure using superelastic nitinol monofilaments as spacer yarns in a novel weft knitted spacer fabric insole Hamedi M; Salimi P 2022 · Journal of Industrial Textiles Published online 22 September 2022.
  7. Custom-made footwear designed for indoor use increases short-term and long-term adherence in people with diabetes at high ulcer risk Keukenkamp R et al. 2022 · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
  8. Does in-shoe pressure analysis to assess and modify medical grade footwear improve patient adherence and understanding? A mixed methods study McDonogh C et al. 2022 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  9. Deep learning approach to estimate foot pressure distribution in walking with application for a cost-effective insole system Mun F; Choi A 2022 · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
  10. Effects of contoured insoles with different materials on plantar pressure offloading in diabetic elderly during gait Shi QQ et al. 2022 · Scientific Reports
  11. Validation of Plantar Pressure and Reaction Force Measured by Moticon Pressure Sensor Insoles on a Concept2 Rowing Ergometer Barratt GK et al. 2021 · Sensors
  12. Clinical foot measurements as a proxy for plantar pressure testing in people with diabetes Chuter VH et al. 2021 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  13. The Design and Simulation of a 16-Sensors Plantar Pressure Insole Layout for Different Applications: From Sports to Clinics, a Pilot Study Ciniglio A et al. 2021 · Sensors
  14. Foot ulcer recurrence, plantar pressure and footwear adherence in people with diabetes and Charcot midfoot deformity: A cohort analysis Keukenkamp R et al. 2021 · Diabetic Medicine Published online in 2020; journal issue April 2021. Counted once under 2021.
  15. Development and evaluation of a dual density insole for people standing for long periods of time at work Anderson J; Williams AE; Nester C 2020 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  16. Effect of Tai Chi Training on Plantar Loads during Walking in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis Zhang Z; Huang L; Liu Y; Wang L 2020 · BioMed Research International
  17. Optimizing footwear for the diabetic foot: Data-driven custom-made footwear concepts and their effect on pressure relief to prevent diabetic foot ulceration Zwaferink JBJ et al. 2020 · PLOS ONE Published 23 April 2020; accepted in 2019.
  18. Effects of a contoured foot orthosis and flat insole on plantar pressure and tibial acceleration while walking in defence boots Bonanno DR et al. 2019 · Scientific Reports
  19. The Plantar Pressure Analysis of Open Stance Forehand in Female Tennis Players Chen C; Liang Z; Li S 2019 · Physical Activity and Health
2013–201836 journal articles
  1. Hardness and posting of foot orthoses modify plantar contact area, plantar pressure, and perceived comfort when cycling Bousie JA et al. 2018 · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
  2. The effects of vibro-medical insole on sensation and plantar pressure distribution in diabetic patients with mild-to-moderate peripheral neuropathy Cham MB et al. 2018 · Clinical Biomechanics
  3. Plantar Stress-Related Injuries in Male Basketball Players: Variations on Plantar Loads during Different Maximum-Effort Maneuvers Chen Y et al. 2018 · BioMed Research International
  4. Reference values for gait temporal and loading symmetry of lower-limb amputees can help in refocusing rehabilitation targets Cutti AG et al. 2018 · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
  5. An anatomically-based masking protocol for the assessment of in-shoe plantar pressure measurement of the forefoot Forghany S et al. 2018 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  6. Increasing preferred step rate during running reduces plantar pressures Gerrard JM; Bonanno DR 2018 · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
  7. Prevalence of ankle equinus and correlation with foot plantar pressures in people with diabetes Searle A; Spink MJ; Chuter VH 2018 · Clinical Biomechanics
  8. Carrying asymmetric loads while walking on an uneven surface Wang J; Gillette JC 2018 · Gait & Posture
  9. Basketball lay-up – foot loading characteristics and the number of trials necessary to obtain stable plantar pressure variables Chua YHK et al. 2017 · Sports Biomechanics
  10. Optimisation of rocker sole footwear for prevention of first plantar ulcer: comparison of group-optimised and individually-selected footwear designs Preece SJ et al. 2017 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  11. Validation of Moticon's OpenGo sensor insoles during gait, jumps, balance and cross-country skiing specific imitation movements Stöggl T; Martiner A 2017 · Journal of Sports Sciences Online 24 March 2016; journal issue January 2017.
  12. Characteristics of Plantar Loads During Walking in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Zhang Z et al. 2017 · Medical Science Monitor
  13. Total contact cast wall load in patients with a plantar forefoot ulcer and diabetes Begg L et al. 2016 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  14. Foot-type analysis and plantar pressure differences between obese and nonobese adolescents during upright standing Cimolin V et al. 2016 · International Journal of Rehabilitation Research
  15. The effect of foot orthoses with forefoot cushioning or metatarsal pad on forefoot peak plantar pressure in running Hähni M et al. 2016 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  16. Effects of custom-made textile insoles on plantar pressure distribution and lower limb EMG activity during turning Lo WT et al. 2016 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  17. Validity and repeatability of three in-shoe pressure measurement systems Price C; Parker D; Nester C 2016 · Gait & Posture
  18. Relationships between static foot alignment and dynamic plantar loads in runners with acute and chronic stages of plantar fasciitis: a cross-sectional study Ribeiro AP et al. 2016 · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
  19. Data-driven directions for effective footwear provision for the high-risk diabetic foot Arts MLJ et al. 2015 · Diabetic Medicine
  20. Dynamic Patterns of Forces and Loading Rate in Runners with Unilateral Plantar Fasciitis: A Cross-Sectional Study Ribeiro AP et al. 2015 · PLOS ONE
  21. Plantar pressure analysis of accommodative insole in older people with metatarsalgia Chang BC et al. 2014 · Gait & Posture Online 2013; journal issue 2014.
  22. Test-retest reliability of an insole plantar pressure system to assess gait along linear and curved trajectories Godi M et al. 2014 · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
  23. Introduction of a neutral shoe to assess reference values for dynamic pedobarography Kluger AK et al. 2014 · Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik
  24. Effects of shoe sole hardness on plantar pressure and comfort in older people with forefoot pain Lane TJ et al. 2014 · Gait & Posture Online 2013; journal issue 2014.
  25. Risk Factors for Plantar Foot Ulcer Recurrence in Neuropathic Diabetic Patients Waaijman R et al. 2014 · Diabetes Care
  26. The effects of running cadence manipulation on plantar loading in healthy runners Wellenkotter J; Kernozek TW; Meardon S; Suchomel T 2014 · International Journal of Sports Medicine Device-use evidence: author full text at https://www.academia.edu/23590317/The_Effects_of_Running_Cadence_Manipulation_on_Plantar_Loading_in_Healthy_Runners
  27. Influence of in-shoe heel lifts on plantar pressure and center of pressure in the medial-lateral direction during walking Zhang X; Li B 2014 · Gait & Posture
  28. Variation in the location of the shoe sole flexion point influences plantar loading patterns during gait van der Zwaard BC et al. 2014 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  29. The effect of prefabricated and proprioceptive foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in patients with flexible flatfoot during walking Aminian G et al. 2013 · Prosthetics and Orthotics International Online 2012; journal issue 2013.
  30. Contoured in-shoe foot orthoses increase mid-foot plantar contact area when compared with a flat insert during cycling Bousie JA et al. 2013 · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Online 2012; journal issue 2013.
  31. Effect of custom-made footwear on foot ulcer recurrence in diabetes: a multicenter randomized controlled trial Bus SA et al. 2013 · Diabetes Care
  32. Learning from experience: A simple effective protocol to test footwear prescriptions for the Diabetic foot by using the Pedar system Giacomozzi C; Uccioli L 2013 · Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering Method/protocol article with volunteer reference measurements, not merely a protocol for future data collection.
  33. The effect of removing plugs and adding arch support to foam based insoles on plantar pressures in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Lin TL et al. 2013 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  34. The effect of customised and sham foot orthoses on plantar pressures McCormick CJ et al. 2013 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
  35. The effects of different shoes on plantar forces in Irish dance Trégouët P; Merland F 2013 · Journal of Dance Medicine & Science
  36. Plantar pressure and daily cumulative stress in persons affected by leprosy with current, previous and no previous foot ulceration van Schie CHM et al. 2013 · Gait & Posture
2007–201243 journal articles
  1. In-shoe center of pressure: indirect force plate vs. direct insole measurement Debbi EM et al. 2012 · The Foot
  2. Comparison of plantar loads during treadmill and overground running Hong Y et al. 2012 · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
  3. Reduction of peak plantar pressure in people with diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy: an evaluation of the DH Pressure Relief Shoe™ Raspovic A; Landorf KB; Gazarek J; Stark M 2012 · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · 5:25 Published 1 October 2012. Promoted from the original bibliography’s unresolved leads after checking the full-text methods. Sixteen participants were recruited and fourteen included in analysis.
  4. Influence of patellofemoral pain syndrome on plantar pressure in the foot rollover process during gait Aliberti S et al. 2011 · Clinics
  5. Twelve steps per foot are recommended for valid and reliable in-shoe plantar pressure data in neuropathic diabetic patients wearing custom made footwear Arts MLJ; Bus SA 2011 · Clinical Biomechanics
  6. Harmful cleats of football boots: a biomechanical evaluation Bentley JA et al. 2011 · Foot and Ankle Surgery Published online 2010; journal issue September 2011. Counted once under 2011.
  7. Pressure-relieving properties of various shoe inserts in older people with plantar heel pain Bonanno DR; Landorf KB; Menz HB 2011 · Gait & Posture
  8. Optimizing the offloading properties of the total contact cast for plantar foot ulceration Burns J; Begg L 2011 · Diabetic Medicine
  9. Evaluation and Optimization of Therapeutic Footwear for Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Patients Using In-Shoe Plantar Pressure Analysis Bus SA; Haspels R; Busch-Westbroek TE 2011 · Diabetes Care
  10. Evaluation of the pressure-redistributing properties of prefabricated foot orthoses in older people after at least 12 months of wear Cronkwright DG et al. 2011 · Gait & Posture
  11. The effect of shoe lacing on plantar pressure distribution and in-shoe displacement of the foot in healthy participants Fiedler KE et al. 2011 · Gait & Posture
  12. Are old running shoes detrimental to your feet? A pedobarographic study Rethnam U; Makwana N 2011 · BMC Research Notes
  13. The effects of plantar fasciitis and pain on plantar pressure distribution of recreational runners Ribeiro AP et al. 2011 · Clinical Biomechanics Online 2010; journal issue February 2011.
  14. Increased in-shoe lateral plantar pressures with chronic ankle instability Schmidt H et al. 2011 · Foot & Ankle International
  15. Foot loading characteristics during three fencing-specific movements Trautmann C; Martinelli N; Rosenbaum D 2011 · Journal of Sports Sciences
  16. Real-time plantar pressure measurement for monitoring exercise load in daily life activities Yang Y et al. 2011 · Journal of Medical Biomechanics
  17. Plantar pressures in the tennis serve Girard O; Eicher F; Micallef JP; Millet G 2010 · Journal of Sports Sciences
  18. Effects of the playing surface on plantar pressures during the first serve in tennis Girard O; Micallef JP; Millet GP 2010 · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
  19. Comparison of Plantar Pressure Distribution between Different Speed and Incline During Treadmill Jogging Ho IJ et al. 2010 · Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
  20. Investigation of foot plantar pressure: experimental and numerical analysis Natali AN et al. 2010 · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
  21. Repeatability of the Pedar-X® in-shoe pressure measuring system Ramanathan AK et al. 2010 · Foot and Ankle Surgery Journal issue 2010; online publication 2009. Included by journal publication year.
  22. In-shoe plantar pressure distribution during running on natural grass and asphalt in recreational runners Tessutti V et al. 2010 · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Journal issue January 2010; published online in 2008. Included by journal publication year.
  23. Validity and interobserver reliability of visual observation to assess partial weight-bearing Hurkmans HL; Bussmann JB; Benda E 2009 · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · 90(2):309–313
  24. Vacuum cushioned removable cast walkers reduce foot loading in patients with diabetes mellitus Nagel A; Rosenbaum D 2009 · Gait & Posture · 30(1):11–15 Journal issue July 2009; online 24 March 2009.
  25. Gait changes with the use of Heelys: a case study Norem N; Feuerstein C; Traverso V; Zomaya N; Crews R; Wrobel JS 2009 · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · 99(3):247–250
  26. Role of ankle mobility in foot rollover during gait in individuals with diabetic neuropathy Sacco ICN; Hamamoto AN; Gomes AA; Onodera AN; Hirata RP; Hennig EM 2009 · Clinical Biomechanics · 24(8):687–692 Journal issue October 2009; online 3 June 2009.
  27. Do you get value for money when you buy an expensive pair of running shoes? Clinghan R; Arnold GP; Drew TS; Cochrane LA; Abboud RJ 2008 · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 42(3):189–193 Journal issue March 2008; online 11 October 2007.
  28. Are in-shoe pressure characteristics in symptomatic idiopathic pes cavus related to the location of foot pain? Crosbie J; Burns J 2008 · Gait & Posture · 27(1):16–22 Online 24 January 2007; journal issue January 2008.
  29. Pressure characteristics in painful pes cavus feet resulting from Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Crosbie J; Burns J; Ouvrier RA 2008 · Gait & Posture · 28(4):545–551 Online 23 May 2008; journal issue November 2008.
  30. A three-pressure-sensor (3PS) system for monitoring ankle supination torque during sport motions Fong DTP; Chan YY; Hong Y; Yung PSH; Fung KY; Chan KM 2008 · Journal of Biomechanics · 41(11):2562–2566
  31. Analysis of pressure distribution below the metatarsals with different insoles in combat boots of the German Army for prevention of march fractures Hinz P; Henningsen A; Matthes G; Jäger B; Ekkernkamp A; Rosenbaum D 2008 · Gait & Posture · 27(3):535–538 Journal issue April 2008; online 9 August 2007.
  32. Comparison of plantar pressure distribution patterns between foot orthoses provided by the CAD-CAM and foam impression methods Ki SW; Leung AKL; Li ANM 2008 · Prosthetics and Orthotics International · 32(3):356–362
  33. A comparison of cleat types during two football-specific tasks on FieldTurf Queen RM; Charnock BL; Garrett WE Jr; Hardaker WM; Sims EL; Moorman CT 3rd 2008 · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 42(4):278–284; discussion 284 Journal issue April 2008; online 23 August 2007.
  34. The effects of off-the-shelf in-shoe heel inserts on forefoot plantar pressure Ramanathan AK; John MC; Arnold GP; Cochrane L; Abboud RJ 2008 · Gait & Posture · 28(4):533–537 Journal issue November 2008; online 22 April 2008.
  35. Off-the-shelf in-shoe heel inserts: does cost matter? Ramanathan AK; John MC; Arnold GP; Cochrane LA; Abboud RJ 2008 · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 42(9):750–752 Journal issue September 2008; published online in 2007. Same authors, sample size and insert comparison as the separate 2008 forefoot-pressure article; likely overlapping cohort, not an independent-participant count.
  36. Effect of Neutral-Cushioned Running Shoes on Plantar Pressure Loading and Comfort in Athletes with Cavus Feet: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial Wegener C; Burns J; Penkala S 2008 · American Journal of Sports Medicine · 36(11):2139–2146 Online 24 June 2008; journal issue November 2008. Publisher author heading incorrectly splits an academic qualification into an extra author; the three named researchers are retained.
  37. Alterations in plantar pressure with different walking boot designs DiLiberto FE; Baumhauer JF; Wilding GE; Nawoczenski DA 2007 · Foot & Ankle International · 28(1):55–60
  38. Effects of the playing surface on plantar pressures and potential injuries in tennis Girard O; Eicher F; Fourchet F; Micallef JP; Millet GP 2007 · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 41(11):733–738 Journal issue November 2007; online 12 June 2007.
  39. The effects of insole configurations on forefoot plantar pressure and walking convenience in diabetic patients with neuropathic feet Guldemond NA; Leffers P; Schaper NC; Sanders AP; Nieman F; Willems P; Walenkamp GHIM 2007 · Clinical Biomechanics · 22(1):81–87 Journal issue January 2007; online 13 October 2006.
  40. The Pedar in-shoe system: repeatability and normal pressure values Putti AB; Arnold GP; Cochrane L; Abboud RJ 2007 · Gait & Posture · 25(3):401–405 Journal issue March 2007; online 7 July 2006.
  41. In-shoe pressure distribution in "unstable" (MBT) shoes and flat-bottomed training shoes: a comparative study Stewart L; Gibson JNA; Thomson CE 2007 · Gait & Posture · 25(4):648–651 Journal issue April 2007; first published online 9 August 2006.
  42. Difference in plantar pressure between the preferred and non-preferred feet in four soccer-related movements Wong PL; Chamari K; Chaouachi A; Mao DW; Wisløff U; Hong Y 2007 · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 41(2):84–92 Journal issue February 2007; online 24 November 2006. Likely participant/data overlap with DOI 10.1136/bjsm.2006.030668, based on matching cohort characteristics and movement tasks; publications are distinct, experiments may not be independent.
  43. Higher plantar pressure on the medial side in four soccer-related movements Wong PL; Chamari K; Mao DW; Wisløff U; Hong Y 2007 · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 41(2):93–100 Journal issue February 2007; online 18 December 2006. Participant characteristics and movement protocol match the companion preferred/non-preferred-foot article, DOI 10.1136/bjsm.2006.030908; likely overlapping dataset, not established as independent experiments.
2000–200631 journal articles
  1. Effective Orthotic Therapy for the Painful Cavus Foot: A Randomized Controlled Trial Burns J; Crosbie J; Ouvrier R; Hunt A 2006 · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · 96(3):205–211 A related 2008 Clinical Biomechanics abstract has the same study title; not counted as another full journal report here.
  2. Assessment of plantar pressure in forefoot relief shoes of different designs Carl HD; Pfander D; Swoboda B 2006 · Foot & Ankle International · 27(2):117–120
  3. Insoles for the rheumatic foot. A clinical and pedobarographic analysis Carl HD; Putz C; Weseloh G; Forst R; Swoboda B 2006 · Der Orthopäde · 35(11):1176–1182 German-language article. Original title: Die Einlagenversorgung des rheumatischen Fusses. Eine klinische und pedobarographische Analyse.
  4. Accuracy and repeatability of the Pedar Mobile system in long-term vertical force measurements Hurkmans HLP; Bussmann JBJ; Benda E; Verhaar JAN; Stam HJ 2006 · Gait & Posture · 23(1):118–125 Journal issue 2006; online 2 November 2005.
  5. Validity of the Pedar Mobile system for vertical force measurement during a seven-hour period Hurkmans HLP; Bussmann JBJ; Selles RW; Horemans HLD; Benda E; Stam HJ; Verhaar JAN 2006 · Journal of Biomechanics · 39(1):110–118 Journal issue 2006; first published online 23 December 2004.
  6. Effectiveness of custom-made orthopaedic shoes in the reduction of foot pain and pressure in patients with degenerative disorders of the foot Jannink M; van Dijk H; Ijzerman M; Groothuis-Oudshoorn K; Groothoff J; Lankhurst G 2006 · Foot & Ankle International · 27(11):974–979
  7. The duration and plantar pressure distribution during one-leg stance in Tai Chi exercise Mao DW; Li JX; Hong Y 2006 · Clinical Biomechanics · 21(6):640–645 Journal issue July 2006; online 9 March 2006.
  8. Plantar pressure in off-loading devices used in diabetic ulcer treatment Beuker BJ; van Deursen RW; Price P; Manning EA; van Baal JG; Harding KG 2005 · Wound Repair and Regeneration · 13(6):537–542
  9. Foot pressure distribution during walking in young and old adults Hessert MJ; Vyas M; Leach J; Hu K; Lipsitz LA; Novak V 2005 · BMC Geriatrics · 5:8 Published 19 May 2005.
  10. Influence of load and carrying methods on gait phase and ground reactions in children's stair walking Hong Y; Li JX 2005 · Gait & Posture · 22(1):63–68 Journal issue 2005; DOI includes 2004.
  11. The Effect of Terrain on Foot Pressures During Walking Mohamed O; Cerny K; Jones W; Burnfield JM 2005 · Foot & Ankle International · 26(10)
  12. Efficacy of Plantar Loading Parameters During Gait in Terms of Reliability, Variability, Effect of Gender and Relationship Between Contact Area and Plantar Pressure Murphy DF; Beynnon BD; Michelson JD; Vacek PM 2005 · Foot & Ankle International · 26(2):171–179
  13. Characteristic Plantar Pressure Distribution Patterns during Soccer-Specific Movements Eils E; Streyl M; Linnenbecker S; Thorwesten L; Völker K; Rosenbaum D 2004 · American Journal of Sports Medicine · 32(1)
  14. The effects of total contact casting materials on plantar pressures Hartsell HD; Brand RA; Frantz RA; Saltzman CL 2004 · Foot & Ankle International · 25(2):73–78 The related 2002 Hartsell paper also describes 10 healthy participants and casting. Whether participants overlapped was not established.
  15. Correction for sensor creep in the evaluation of long-term plantar pressure data Arndt A 2003 · Journal of Biomechanics · 36(12):1813–1817
  16. Can the use of a terminal device augment plantar pressure reduction with a total contact cast? Dhalla R; Johnson JE; Engsberg J 2003 · Foot & Ankle International · 24(6):500–505 Explicit in-shoe Pedar device attribution despite combined historical EMED PEDAR wording.
  17. Effect of body weight on plantar peak pressure in diabetic patients Drerup B; Beckmann C; Wetz HH 2003 · Der Orthopäde · 32(3):199–206 German-language article. Original title: Der Einfluss des Körpergewichts auf den plantaren Spitzendruck beim Diabetiker. Untersuchungen mit simulierter Gewichtsveränderung.
  18. The effects of cycling shoe stiffness on forefoot pressure Jarboe NE; Quesada PM 2003 · Foot & Ankle International · 24(10):784–788
  19. Plantar pressures in fiberglass total contact casts vs. a new diabetic walking boot Pollo FE; Brodsky JW; Crenshaw SJ; Kirksey C 2003 · Foot & Ankle International · 24(1):45–49
  20. Total Contact Casting: Its Effect on Contralateral Plantar Foot Pressure Hartsell HD; Brand RA; Saltzman CL 2002 · Foot & Ankle International · 23(4):330–334
  21. Accuracy and precision of two in-shoe pressure measurement systems Hsiao H; Guan J; Weatherly M 2002 · Ergonomics · 45(8):537–555 Journal publication 20 June 2002. Publisher webpage gives later digitization/online date (9 November 2010), not used as the publication year.
  22. Loading response following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during the parallel squat exercise Neitzel JA; Kernozek TW; Davies GJ 2002 · Clinical Biomechanics · 17(7):551–554 Brief original research report.
  23. Determinants of plantar pressures in the diabetic foot Payne C; Turner D; Miller K 2002 · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · 16(4):277–283
  24. Interface corrective force measurements in Boston brace treatment van den Hout JAAM; van Rhijn LW; van den Munckhof RJH; van Ooy A 2002 · European Spine Journal · 11(4):332–335 Online 1 March 2002; journal issue August 2002. Non-foot application: Pedar insoles used as interface pressure sensors.
  25. A comparison of vertical force and temporal parameters produced by an in-shoe pressure measuring system and a force platform. Barnett S; Cunningham JL; West S 2001 · Clinical Biomechanics · 16(4):353–357 Corrected and republished version, May 2001; original publication December 2000, 15(10):781–785. PubMed explicitly links this as corrected and republished from DOI 10.1016/S0268-0033(00)00048-6 (PMID 11050363). Counted once, using the corrected 2001 citation. The original 2000 record is retained in screening notes, not counted separately.
  26. Effect of walking speed on pressure distribution of orthopedic shoe technology Drerup B; Hafkemeyer U; Möller M; Wetz HH 2001 · Der Orthopäde · 30(3):169–175 German-language article. Original title: Der Einfluss der Geschwindigkeit beim Gehen auf die Druckverteilung bei orthopädieschuhtechnischer Versorgung.
  27. Pneumatic Bracing and Total Contact Casting Have Equivocal Effects on Plantar Pressure Relief Hartsell HD; Fellner C; Saltzman CL 2001 · Foot & Ankle International · 22(6):502–506
  28. Symmetry of Plantar Pressures and Vertical Forces in Healthy Subjects During Walking VanZant RS; McPoil TG; Cornwall MW 2001 · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · 91(7):337–342 Despite the EMED prefix used in the article, the described device is explicitly the Pedar in-shoe system, not an emed platform.
  29. The plantar loading variations to uphill and downhill gradients during treadmill walking. Grampp J; Willson J; Kernozek T 2000 · Foot & Ankle International · 21(3):227–231
  30. Reliability and running speed effects of in-shoe loading measurements during slow treadmill running. Kernozek TW; Zimmer KA 2000 · Foot & Ankle International · 21(9):749–752
  31. Effect of Cast and Noncast Foot Orthoses on Plantar Pressure and Force During Normal Gait Redmond A; Lumb PSB; Landorf K 2000 · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · 90(9):441–449
Foot assessment for diabetic foot care

Diabetic footwear

Measure regional loading inside therapeutic shoes and evaluate changes after an adjustment.

pedar sensor insole inside footwear

Footwear and orthotics

Compare designs and inserts using the pressure pattern at the foot-shoe interface.

In-shoe measurement during treadmill walking

Gait and sport

Examine contact timing and load transfer across steps, speeds and movement tasks.

6

Applications

Clinical and research applications.

pedar supports in-shoe pressure assessment wherever footwear, local loading and movement need to be understood together.

1

Footwear design

Compare how shoe construction and cushioning change pressure during movement.

2

Diabetic foot care

Check pressure relief inside therapeutic shoes and custom inserts.

3

Orthotic evaluation

Compare regional loading before and after adjustments to an orthosis.

4

Orthopedic assessment

Examine in-shoe loading associated with foot pain and altered function.

5

Sports biomechanics

Study foot contact during running, cycling and sport-specific movements.

6

Rehabilitation

Follow changes in weight transfer and loading throughout recovery.

7

Pediatric assessment

Measure pressure in children's footwear with appropriately sized sensor insoles.

8

Free-gait analysis

Record repeated steps during walking, stairs and everyday activities.

9

Shoe-fit assessment

Combine insoles with pedar pads to examine pressure above the foot.

10

Biofeedback

Use live pressure and force feedback during supervised movement trials.

7

The Product

pedar insoles and plidar electronics.

Select the insole fit, pressure range and software package for your measurement task. The mobile system combines flexible sensors with compact, rechargeable electronics.

Optional pedar pad: 56 sensors over a 70 x 160 mm area, with a 15-600 kPa range, for pressure on the upper foot.

pedar capacitive sensor insole with connection tab
pedar insole
Insole technical data
Shoe sizesEU 22-51; three widths
Thickness1.9 mm
Sensors99; 84 for children
Pressure range15-600 or 30-1,200 kPa
Resolution2.5 or 5 kPa
Hysteresis< 7%
Min. bending radius20 mm
Temperature drift< 0.5 kPa/K
pedar insole with the compact plidar analyser
plidar analyser
Analyser technical data
Dimensions49 x 31 x 20 mm
Weight54 g
Sensor capacityUp to 256
Sampling rateUp to 400 Hz
Onboard storage32 GB
Computer interfaceWiFi
Operating systemsWindows, Mac
PowerRechargeable battery

Pressure range and resolution depend on the sensor option. Full product details at novel.de

Software

novel studio displaying recorded measurement curves

novel studio provides pressure recording and raw pressure export. E-Expert adds step and centre-of-pressure analysis.

Synchronization options connect pressure measurements with video and other motion-analysis systems.

Calibration

trublu calibration device with pedar sensor insoles

Use trublu to check and calibrate individual sensors.

The L-Lab package includes a calibration device.

8

Ready to get started?

Find the pedar configuration for your footwear, clinical assessment or research workflow.

Request a quote

Flyers

pedar system flyer cover pedar systemPDF Diabetic footwear flyer cover Diabetic footwearPDF Movement analysis flyer cover Movement analysisPDF Running footwear flyer cover Running footwearPDF
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